Goethe: Life As A Work Of Art

Goethe: Life As A Work Of Art

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Goethe's travels in 1810-1812 gave him firsthand experience of the French Revolution and its aftermath. He was devastated by the fall of Napoleon and the prospects of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1813 Goethe traveled to England, where he met with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and Lord Byron. He was deeply affected by the last two, and his poem Hermann und Dorothea (1813) honors them, as do subsequent poems such as Das Marmorbücken, and Werke (1813-1818).

Goethe died at Weimar on 26 May 1832. The main monument erected in his honor is the Goethe-Haus, opened in 1862 on his former estate, Park Villa Wintersheim. There is also a monument in Weimar, and a museum devoted to his life and works. Several biographies have been written about him, including the two-volume biography by Philipp Veit, 1775-1828 (1894-1897). The most recent comprehensive biography is that by Wolfgang Just, published in four volumes (1994-2000).

Goethe's Faust was translated into English by various authors, the early ones being T.J. Evans (1854), Thomas Carlyle (1875), and the translations of Arthur Stirling (1887) and George P. Baker (1923). The most influential translation is the version by Walter Kaufmann, published in 1960 (revised edition 1964), which has been widely read, although it is relatively clear and simple, and not as literally faithful as some other translations. In the 1980s the version by Michael Bullock was published and this has been widely used. Since then other translations have been published by David Constantine (2008), Martin Speckmann (2008), and others. The British dramatist, playwright, and film director (British Academy Award winner for Best Original Screenplay) John Osborne wrote a TV film version of Faust for the BBC in 1966.

Goethe's personality reflected the influence of many cultural currents of the time in Germany, particularly the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and the Romantic movement. His interest in English and French literature, as well as in the theories of Herder, Baumgarten, and Kant, widened his perspective. He was intrigued by the idea of the French Revolution, and in 1789, he traveled to Paris for a number of months, where he stayed in the company of the Swiss painter Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832). In Paris, Goethe was not impressed by the Revolution, but he remained in France for three months after the French were defeated by the Prussians at the battle of Valmy on 20 September 1792. In his Paris days, Goethe was at first a champion of the Enlightenment, as manifested by his friendship with the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. He was a great admirer of French culture and was particularly impressed by the beauty of Napoleon's rule. He also went to England, and traveled extensively in Italy.

There is a street named after Goethe in Frankfurt. Johann Wolfgang Goethe Street is a block within the historic inner city of Frankfurt, Germany. The street is located approximately midway between the banks of the Main and Main rivers and just north of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche (Imperial Wilhelm Memorial Church), and was inaugurated in October 1992. The street is named after Goethe's birthplace in Frankfurt, the Johann Wolfgang Goethe Town, which existed until 1806 and after that it became known as Goethestraße. Johann Wolfgang Goethe Street, in contrast, is not named after the writer's birthplace. It was named after Goethe's birthplace to commemorate the city's fiftieth anniversary as German federal state of Hesse in 1992. 827ec27edc