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Huisgen, however, reported on the use of synthetic zeolites for the removal of nitric oxide from auto exhaust gases. The zeolite catalysts used by Huang and coworkers were composed of aluminosilicate held together by the van der Waals force. The components were produced by reacting tetraethylorthosilicate and sodium hydroxide in a mixed solvent of ethylene glycol, ethanol, and water. After drying, the gels were heated to at least 300″ C for several days to achieve crystallization. All of the zeolite catalysts showed excellent conversion
According to Halliburton, the production and use of synthetic zeolite catalysts is still in the laboratory stage, and probably will be for another 20 yr. Synthetic zeolite catalysts have demonstrated the ability to perform commercial chemical transformations. The acidic catalysts are based on zeolites such as zeolite Y, zeolite L, and zeolite beta. The acidic zeolite catalysts are currently used in paraffin isomerization in the gasoline area. Synthetic zeolite catalysts constitute about 1% of the world’s production of paraffin cracking catalysts, and about 1% of the production of feed for amine manufacturing. Synthetic zeolite catalysts are used in isomerization and reforming reactions, including cracking, dehydrocyclizing, isomerization, and hydrocracking.
The initiation of a cationic reaction on a zeolite surface is a complicated process whose details remain unclear. According to Plank, reactions may be initiated by means of a multistep mechanism, through a spinodal decomposition of the surface, leading to the formation of micropores. The results of Seebach demonstrated the formation of micropores on a zeolite and that these pores varied in size with the silica-alumina ratio. A chemical analysis of the surface of zeolite samples of varying purity showed the presence of silica, alumina, and titanium. Gallium oxide was associated with the aluminum sites. d2c66b5586